Addicting/Replayable Games

Sonic All Star Racing Transformed.

Organ trail is kinda like those games you listed and Fortix! also Beat Hazard is very cool (has endless survivor mode, various challenges and access to internet radios so you're not stuck with your own music),

Bastion has no random elements but has some interesting optional challenges

Crusader Kings 2. I only just started playing it, but I'm already hooked.

Don't Starve.

Dark Souls ?

so no one tried recettear?

Portal, Spelunky, Cave Story, Oblivion, Fallout 3.
And then if you want more there's plenty of games coming out with-in the past few years that have randomly generated worlds, Paranautical Activity and Delver both look pretty interesting, though I can't really recommend them myself.

StarCraft II ? and Counter-Strike series

Orcs must die 2! Then add me on steam and we will play it together!!

Also, what do you think about magicka?

Warcraft 3, trust me i'm playing it something like 10 years...

Killing Floor is pretty fun especially with friends and the new maps and themes they have for almost every holiday. Should godown to about 5 dollars during a sale.

Dota2, skyrim with mods, fallout new vegas aswell. Just gotta find your type of genre.

All Telltale games, if you like point & click adventures. Sam & Max episodes took about 3 hours each for me, and I found it quite hilarious, so even if you disregard replayability, you'll get at least 30 hours of entertainment out of all Sam & Max games.
The Walking Dead, Hector, Strong Bad, Back to the Future, you can check them out too. Also the Blackwell series, and other games from Wadjet.
Poker Night can be considered as a good distraction if you like that sort of thing.

Railworks, Farming Simulator are tremendous time-wasters, especially if you're the kind that wants to get everything perfect. I think you said you don't like simulation games somewhere up there, but still pointing them out.

Castle Crashers. You might want to check that.

Don't know what else I can say. Most games that I consider replayable have some multiplayer / co-op aspect to it. Most of the single player games I finish and never touch again. The only single player game I replay every now and then is Breath of Fire IV for PSOne, so I'd say RPGs may have replayability if you enjoy them.

The Walking Dead. Although that sounds weird, it's still captivating each time I replay it.

Fractal: Make Blooms Not War. Seriosuly, that shit is crazyaddicting. :D

Campaign should take 90 minutes tops if you're slow/like to take your time like me. Arcade mode, which is where most of the replayability is at, actually has three smaller modes to suit your playstyle - Speed (uno push color, uno fractal color), Agility (uno push color, dos fractal colors), and Confidence (dos push colors and dos fractal colors). And puzzle mode provides a nice challenge you can come back to after deciding you need a little break from Arcade mode.

Fable, The lost chapters. I reaaally like t and played it over 4 times.

Tetris is very additive :3

Space Rangers HD: A War Apart - very addictive, soon it be available on Steam with English translation.
RollerCoaster Tycoon 3: Platinum - personally I prefer RCT 1 and 2 but this game is very good too and it available on steam.

Touhou Project :3

And play them only on Lunatic difficulty!

Bastion is a must have. And the new game + mode certainly makes it worth a second playtrough.

GOD HAND!

If you can handle failure from time to time, try Sanctum.
If you like competitive stuff, and looking for something a little different, try Shootmania Storm

You can algo check Star Forge, it's on alpha, but i guess it fits within your demands

FEZ, i'm going for the second or third round with it.
Careful with these puzzles, anyway. :)

Have a nice day.

I'll try to limit my list to games that haven't been mentioned yet (forgive me if I repeat some on accident):

Dustforce (2D platformer, both rage-inducing and dangerously addictive)

Ys Origin (Action JRPG)

Uplink (Hacker sim or something, it's not that replayable, but there's so much hidden stuff in the game that I felt like including it)

X-com: UFO Defense (the original 1994 game, the gameplay still holds up very well even today; the reboot has nowhere near as much replayablility, but it's a solid game nevertheless, I still prefer the original)

Space Pirates and Zombies (2D space sim)

X3: Terran Conflict (3D sandbox space sim, sucked me in for hours on end)

Aaaaaaaaaaand for my obligatory GoI online pitch

Guns of Icarus Online (multiplayer airship battles with an amazing online community)

EDIT: the formatting on this post looks ugly right now, I'll change it when I get on a computer with SG+