Key will be emailed, please, dont write ''thanks'', be more creative :)
1,252 Comments - Last post 1 hour ago by Abletoburn
12 Comments - Last post 2 hours ago by bill9228tw
16,518 Comments - Last post 2 hours ago by tariko
7 Comments - Last post 3 hours ago by eldar4k
26 Comments - Last post 6 hours ago by Uroboros
179 Comments - Last post 7 hours ago by Hawkingmeister
97 Comments - Last post 7 hours ago by Gamy7
60 Comments - Last post 4 minutes ago by SergeD
53 Comments - Last post 17 minutes ago by canis39
29 Comments - Last post 42 minutes ago by Zelrune
117 Comments - Last post 53 minutes ago by VinroyIsViral
95 Comments - Last post 1 hour ago by ObsidianSpire
17,271 Comments - Last post 1 hour ago by Carenard
13 Comments - Last post 2 hours ago by Yamaraus
Thanks a lot man !
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks... I guess...
Comment has been collapsed.
Thank you!
Comment has been collapsed.
cheers^^ <- creative enough? haa?
Comment has been collapsed.
Thank you
Comment has been collapsed.
A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero (0 K or −273.15 °C[1]). Under such conditions, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale. These effects are called macroscopic quantum phenomena.
Although later experiments have revealed complex interactions, this state of matter was first predicted, generally, in papers by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons). Einstein was impressed, translated the paper himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik, which published it. (The Einstein manuscript, once believed to be lost, was found in a library at Leiden University in 2005.[2]). Einstein then extended Bose's ideas to material particles (or matter) in two other papers.[3] The result of the efforts of Bose and Einstein is the concept of a Bose gas, governed by Bose–Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical distribution of identical particles with integer spin, now known as bosons. Bosonic particles, which include the photon as well as atoms such as helium-4 (4He), are allowed to share quantum states with each other. Einstein demonstrated that cooling bosonic atoms to a very low temperature would cause them to fall (or "condense") into the lowest accessible quantum state, resulting in a new form of matter.
In 1938 Fritz London proposed BEC as a mechanism for superfluidity in 4He and superconductivity.[4][5]
In 1995 the first gaseous condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST–JILA lab, using a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvin (nK) [6] (1.7×10−7 K). For their achievements Cornell, Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT received the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.[7] In November 2010 the first photon BEC was observed.[8]
Comment has been collapsed.
Thank yoU!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks
Comment has been collapsed.
thx
Comment has been collapsed.
Thank you.
Comment has been collapsed.
Gratitude for the chance.
Comment has been collapsed.
Thank you!
Comment has been collapsed.
THANKS!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanky!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Tanks!
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks! ^.^
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks. :)
Comment has been collapsed.
thx
Comment has been collapsed.
Thanks. :)
Comment has been collapsed.