Need Recommendations for New PC

Everything depends on your budget and the resolution you want to game at but I see you currently run an APU system. If you're aiming for that sort of budget(ish), low power(ish) area again the new AMD APUs are about to launch in Feb, you might find the AMD 2400G worth a quick google.

If you want a bit more grunt an R5 1600 paired with a 1050ti/1060/1070 (depending on resolution/budget) is pretty much a no brainer atm, especially if you tend to keep your systems a while. That CPU will be viable for years and the only real reason to choose an AMD graphics card over Nvidia atm is to go with a Freesync monitor (or a really solid discount). If you plump for a 1060 be aware that the 3GB and 6GB options are actually sneakily different cards with the latter notably more powerful and priced accordingly.

Be Quiet! do solid PSUs, everyone has their preferences but for me they always struck a nice balance of efficiency, noise and enough options to suit your budget. And yes, everyone who gets an SSD is slightly irritated they didn't do it years ago. One that suits your budget with a larger HDD for storage will make your heart sing with joy.

GL with it :)

https://www.reddit.com/r/PCMasterRace/wiki/builds

just to keep in mind:
if you change your cpu and go with amd ryzen, be aware of what ram speed do you buy.
some models above 3000-3200 mhz bring problems of stability and maybe you will have to tweak and overclock a little.
bios update can fix this problem with new agesa profiles, but no in 100% of situations
any ram below 3000 mhz will work without troubles according to comments

1.SSD go go go go!
2.It depends on the motherboard. You will probably use DDR4.
3.If you use AMD 's APU, it runs with performance equivalent to middle - range graphics card.
If you do not use it, it is not much different if it is AMD or Nvidia graphics card around 150 dollars.
(The top is different, but it is not economical.)
4.Use a graphic card with high power consumption as a guide.
The power supply should have a higher wattage. It affects stability.

Conclusion: Let's change it to SSD now.
Note: CPU / MB / MEMORY? It is in confusion. You should not touch until April.

I'll skip over most of your questions and just say you want a SSD, at least for Windows. The performance increase from a HDD to a SSD for the OS is one of the biggest cheapest improvements you can make in a computer these days.

Personally I'd go SSD for OS+Apps+some games (the ones you play the most and the like), then a HDD for normal games, data, etc.

take a look at builds done on pcpartpicker.com if your from Canada/US you will see the prices configurations that you will get with your price range , if your not sure if you need what you think you want look on yt your parts ex i7 8700k + 1060, ryzen 5 1600 +1060 etc in popular games at least you will see for yourself what fps range will you get in tested games if you still wont be so sure about something look for vids from Linus Tech Tips, JayzTwoCents or Tech Deals
during Black friday i did bought and built i7 8700k+16gb + 1080 +mobo + ssd https://pcpartpicker.com/list/RjHJCy
but all depends what you expect from your new rig to be :)

Just going to say Thank You once again to everyone that is trying to help me out. New rig is probably a few months out thankfully. I have to get back to work after being on disability for a year now. I'll be able to limp along until then I'm sure. You all gave me a lot to think about and quite a few items/terms to look up :-) Just need to find a "How to Build a Computer for Dummies" book, I'm sure they are out there.

Thanks again for your time.

Get a 250gb ssd (for OS+some programs)+2-6TB HHD (where is 2 tb is least capcity i can recommend and 6 is the highest)

16gb of ram should be more than enough to run all game now i would say buy 2×8 not the 4×4 just to have more slots for future upgrade if needed.

A gtx 1060 or RX 580 is enough to run all current games at 60fps ultra settings 1080p res however if you have higher reolution like 1440p i would suggest going for gtx 1070 or even gtx 1080 , the latter if you want the best possible preformance on that resolution and high framrate specially if you're into fps games...as for gtx 1080ti get that if you have 4k monitor or have some money to spare :p

1) Hard Drive(s) - Should I go SSD? Capacity? - 120 GB SSD for windows + 1 TB (or more) HDD for everything else
2) Amount and type of memory? - 16 GB DDR3/DDR4 (depends on motherboard); fo for 2x8 config
3) I'm sure this one will cause a little debate, but Graphics Card? - GTX1070 (or GTX1060 if you want to save more money)
4) Guess I should throw in Motherboard and Power supply? yes/no? - MoBo depends on what parts are you planning to use. Current gen processors or older ones, DDR3 or DDR4 memory. Are you planning to use two GPU un SLI. As for power supply, aim for 650W + (don't buy the cheapest one)
5)CPU - i7 (i5 if you want to save some money) - 4th gen (Haswell) and up. Also depends on MoBo.